IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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1.0 


I.I 


K2 


1.25  ■  1.4 


1.6 


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7 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y   14580 

(716)  872-4503 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  institute  for  Historical  (Vlicroreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notaa/Notas  tachniquas  at  bibliographiquaa 


Tha  Inatituta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographically  uniqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
raproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  changa 
tha  uaual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chackad  balow. 


L'Inatitut  a  microfilm^  la  malMaur  examplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6tS  possibia  da  sa  procurer.  Las  details 
da  cet  exempiaire  qui  sont  paut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographiqua,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mAthoda  normaia  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu6s  ci-dessous. 


0    Coloured  covers/ 
Couvertura  da  coulaur 


r~~|    Coloured  pages/ 


D 
D 
D 
D 
D 
D 
D 
D 

□ 


D 


Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagia 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  reataurte  et/ou  pellicula 

Cover  title  miaslrg/ 

La  titra  da  couverture  manque 

Coloured  mapa/ 

Cartas  giographiquas  en  couleur 

Coloured  init  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encra  de  cuuleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  iliuatratlona/ 
Planches  et/ou  iilustrationa  an  coulaur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Rail*  avac  d'autras  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serr6e  peut  causer  de  S'ombre  ou  da  la 
diatortion  la  long  da  la  marge  int6rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  ^oasibla,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  aa  peut  que  certainas  pages  blanches  ajoutiaa 
lore  d'una  restauration  apparaissant  dans  la  texte, 
mais,  lorsqua  cela  itait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  4t4  filmAas. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentairas  supplAmantairas; 


D 
D 
E 


D 
D 

n 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagies 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaur6es  et/ou  peliicul^es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d6coior6es,  tacheties  ou  piqu6es 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtachdes 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Quaiiti  in^gaie  de  i'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  mat6riei  suppi^mentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  piges  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc,  ont  M  film6es  d  nouveau  de  fa^on  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  aii  the  reduction  ratio  chackad  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  da  rMuction  IndiquA  ci-deasous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


/ 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanke 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  the  Public 
Archives  of  Canada 


L'exempiaire  f limA  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
gAntrositA  de: 

La  blbilothique  des  Archives 
publiques  du  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  witf<  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  In  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  Illustrated  Impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  Impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  Illustrated  Impression. 


Les  Images  suivantes  ont  4tA  reprodultes  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettetA  de  rexemplaire  f  Ilm4,  et  en 
conformlt6  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplalres  criglnaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
pepier  est  ImprimAe  sont  film6s  en  commen9ant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  termlnant  solt  par  le 
dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'Impresslon  ou  d'illustration,  solt  par  la  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplalres 
orlginaux  sont  fllmte  en  commenpant  par  la 
premlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'Impresslon  ou  d'illustration  et  en  termlnant  par 
la  dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  ^nnlcroflche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ►  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparattra  sur  la 
dernlAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — »>  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Map3,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  Included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  Illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmAs  A  des  taux  de  rMuctlon  diffArents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA,  11  est  fllmA  A  partir 
de  I'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'Images  nAcessalre.  Le^  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthode. 


1  2  3 


32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

V  ■ 


I 


GEN] 

in  the  g 

^^^  a  mind, 

should  draw 

tiiry."     The 

only  favor  f 

hiiHian  hapi 

ird  probabl 

j  '^  ipes  have  esi 

less  of  the  i 

/tha  bodily  fi 

):  V  ar  and  vi^ 

(        avel  to  dife 

leterred  by 

I  eir  last  lai 

>    '      a  diseaso(. 

1         dieted  wM( 

,         The  tra 

J^    ^troit,  p  IS 

' '       eninsula,    1 

nd  Ontario 

riservant  p; 

)king  out  ] 

An  slope. 

e  right  as 

e  remain  d 

"  Lake  On 

uns  the  v  h 

tud  three  h 

wnenj; 

.  elevatic 


11? ' 


'\ 


I 


[I 


4 


.^  / 


1 


A  Sylvan 


Reti^eat. 


Iiv' 


I- 
I 


m 

;'>I^M 

GENERAL,"  says  De  Quiueey  :  "a  man  lias  reason  to  think  himself  well  off 
in  the  great  Lottery  of  Life,  if  he  draws  the  prize  of  a  healthy  stomach  without 
^^^  a  mind,  or  the  prize  of  a  fair  intellect  with  a  crazy  stomach,  but  that  any  man 
should  draw  both,  is  truly  astonishing,  and,  I  suppose,  happens  only  once  in  a  cen- 
tury."    The  mens  sana  in  corpore  sano,  which  the  epicurciin  poet  declared  to  be  the 
only  favor  for  which  the  truly  wise  should  supplicate  the  gods,  is  as  essential  to 
hnmau  happiness  in  this  busy  nineteenth  century  as  it  was  in  the  days  of  Augustus, 
lid  probably  more  so.     Modern  medical  science,   however,  and  the  exj)erienoe  of 
\oes  have  established,  almost  beyond  a  doubt,  the  important  fact  that  the  sound- 
less of  the  mind  depends  almost  entirely  on  the  health  of  the  body,  and  that  if  all 
tha  bodily  functions  are  in  harmony  the  mental  faculties,  as  a  general  rule,  will  be 
V  ar  and  vigorous.     The  invalid,  stricken  by  l)odily  disease,  will  cross  the  seas  and 
.ivel  to  distant  lands  to  obtain  relief.     If  he  be  rich  in  this  Avorld's  goods  he  is 
leterred  by  no  (Question  of  expense,  and  even  the  comparatively  poor  will  s|)end 
eir  last  farthing  to  obtain,  if  only  temporary,  relief  from  the  excruciating  pains 
a  diseased  body.     It  is  the  purpose  of  this  paper  to  describe  a  resort  for  the 
liicted  w'lich  lies  at  our  very  doors. 

The  traveller  from  New  York  to  Chicago,  by  way  of  the  Suspension  Bridge  and 

^troit,  pisses  along  the   southern   boundary  of  what  is  known  as  the  Niagara 

eninsula,    being   that  portion  of  Canatiian   Teiritory  lying  between  Lakes  Erie 

nd  Ontario  and  the  Niagara  River.     Soon  after  leaving  the  Suspension  Bridge  the 

hservant  passenger  feels  that   the  train  is  descending  a  rather  steep  grade,  and 

>king  our  he  perceives  that  he  is  going  down  the  side  of  what  appears  to  be  a  inoun- 

.in  slope.     In  a  few  moments  he  has  entered  a  lev^el  plain  which  streaches  away  to 

e  right  as  far  as  Lake  Ontario,  which  may  be  plainly  seen  in  the  distance,  and  for 

e  remainder  of  the  journey  from  the  Suspension  Bridge  to  Hamilton,  at  the  head 

'  Lake  Ontario,  he  has  the  lake  in  full  view  on  his  right,  while  on  his  left  there 

uns  the  v  hole  distance,  parallel  with  the  lake  shore,  and  apparently  between  two 

iud  three  hundred  feet  in  height,  an  almost  perpendicular  ridge,  forming  a  sort  of 

wnenj,  .and  covered  for  most  of  the  distance  with  a  thick  growth  of  timber. 

.  elevation  g»)es  by  the  name  of  the  "Niagara  Escarpment."     It  is  a  continuation 


;)■ 


2 


of  a  stratum  of  limostone  rock,  known  to  American  and  Canadian  geologists,  as  the 
**Niagara  Formation,"  which,  commencing  in  Herkimer  County,  N.  Y.,  rises  gradu- 
ally in  its  course  westward.  The  Genessee  River,  falling  over  its  edge  at  Rochester, 
forms  the  Oenessee  Falls.  The  Erie  Canal  is  carried  over  its  summit  at  Lockport. 
By  the  time  it  has  reached  the  Niagara  River  it  has  lisen  to  a  bold  blufl'  about  160 
feet  high,  forming  the  Queenston  Heights,  over  which,  unnumbered  ages  ago,  as 
geologists  assure  us,  poured  the  mighty  waters  of  the  Niagara.  From  Hamilton  it 
runs  in  a  northerly  direction  to  Owen  Sound,  thence  through  the  Indian  Peninsula 
and  the  Manitoulin  Islands,  and  continues  anmnd  the  north  and  west  shores  of  Lake 
Michigan,  l^his  ridge,  or  "Mountain"  as  it  is  calletl  by  the  inhabitants  along  its 
base,  increases  in  height  between  Queenston  and  Hamilton,  at  which  latter  place  it 
is  about  two  hundred  feet  above  the  Lake.  At  a  point  about  midway  between  St. 
Catharines  and  Hamilton,  at  the  Village  of  Urimsby,  the  mountain  suddenly  rises 
in  the  form  of  a  sharp  peak  to  the  height  of  nearly  500  feet,  and  from  this  elevation, 
on  a  tine  day,  a  magnificent  view  may  be  obtained  of  the  whole  upper  shore  line  of 
Lake  Ontario,  from  the  mouth  of  the  Niagara  River  to  Hamilton,  and  round  the 
head  of  the  lake  to  Toronto  on  the  ol^po^ite  shore,  wliicli  city  may  be  plainly  seen 
on  a  clear  day  without  the  aid  of  a  glass. 

The  Niagara  Peninsula  forms  a  portion  of  what  is  called  the  "Champagne 
Region"  of  Canada,  and  that  part  of  it  already  described,  lying  between  the  Niagara 
Escarpment  and  Lake  Ontario,  has,  from  its  luxurious  fruitful ness,  been  aptly  styled 
the  "Garden  of  Canada."  This  narrow  strip  of  land,  which,  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Queenston  and  St.  Catharines,  is  about  four  miles  in  width,  gradually  narrows  as 
you  go  west,  until  at  Hamilton  the  distance  from  the  foot  of  the  mountain  to  the 
lake  is  less  than  a  mile.  The  extraordinary  fertility  of  this  })art  of  the  Pen- 
insula is  due  to  the  exceptional  mildness  of  the  climate,  the  result  of  the  shelter 
provided  by  nature  in  the  Niagara  Escarpment.  The  prevailing  winds,  as  in  all 
northern  temperate  climates,  is  from  the  southwest,  and  consequently  a  natural 
windbrake  is  formed  by  this  elevation.  The  mean  temperature  of  this  section  of 
Ontario  is  higher  than  that  of  any  other  part  of  Canada  or  of  the  eastern  or  middle 
States  of  the  Union.  It  is  the  fruit  country  par  excelle7we  of  the  Dominion.  The 
choicest  varieties  of  peaches,  pears  and  grapes,  which  will  not  thrive  on  the  opposite 
shore  of  the  lake,  nor  even  on  the  plateau  between  the  lakes,  formed  by  the  mountain, 
here  flourish  in  abundance.  Vineyards  abound,  and  the  manufacture  of  wine  is 
extensively  carried  on.  Immense  quantities  of  peaches  ai-e  every  season  sent  across 
the  lake  to  Toronto,  either  (jonsigned  to  brokers,  or,  as  is  most  customary,  sold  by 
auction  on  the  city  wharves.  During  the  fruit  season  it  is  not  unusual  to  see  three 
or  four  cargoes  being  disposed  of  at  the  same  time  by  rival  vendors,  and  one  may 
purchase  a  basket  of  choice  peaches  containing  nearly  a  peck  for  about  what  a  dozen 
of  oranges-  wonld  cost  in  New  York  City.     The  soil  is  the  most  fertile  in  Ontario,  or 


i'.' 


■W. 


;r. 


»•> 


,WjW' 


€■ 


in  any  of  the  other  Trovinces,  It  consists  of  strong  clays,  overlaid  here  and  there 
by  loam,  sand  and  gravel.  In  early  times,  before  the  axe  of  the  white  settler  had 
brought  destruction  to  our  noble  northern  forests,  this  portion  of  Canada  was  covered 
with  a  dense  growth  of  hardwood  timber,  including  maple,  hickory,  beet'h,  oak  and 

I  walnut.  The  latter  wood,  now  so  scarce  in  America,  was  once  very  plentiftd  in  tins 
part  of  Ontario,  and  many  of  the  old  settlers  relate  how,  in  their  younger  days, 
large  (juantities  of  this  valuable  material  were  yearly  destroyed  at  the  "logging 
bees."  These  dense  forests  were  interspersed  with  occasional  "oak  openings,"  as 
^  they  were  called,  that  is,  sparse  growths  of  oaks,  free  from  underwood,  anil  supposed 
by  the  early  settlers  to  have  been  the  pasture  grounds  of  the  Indians,  maile  by  a 
partial  clearing  of  the  foiest,  anil  by  the  annual  burning  of  the  wild  grass. 
'  The  Niagara   Peninsula   was  originally  settled   in   great   part   by   Ameri»'an» 

from  New  York.  After  the  battle  of  Lexington,  a  large  emigration  of  "itiotesters," 
as  they  were  called,  took  place  from  the  Valley  of  the  Mohawk  to  the  Niagara 
Peninsula.  The  route  was  usually  up  the  Mohawk,  thence  across  a  shoit  |»()rtage 
to  Wood  Creek,  down  which  stream  they  descended  until  they  re.iched  Lake 
Ontario,  at  the  present  town  of  Oswego.  From  that  point  they  procetMled  (»y  boat 
along  the  lake  shore,  putting  in  at  the  different  streams  that  run  into  the  lake,  and 

I'  naming  them  according  to  their  distance  from  the  mouth  of  the  Niagara  River. 
Thus,  between  the  old  Town  of  Niagara  and  the  City  of  Hamilton,  there  were  the 
"Four,"  "Ten,"  "Twelve,"  (the  site  of  the  present  City  of  St.  Catharines,)  the 
^"Fifteen,"  "Twenty,"  and  "Forty,"— the  last  being  the  Village  of  Grimsby, 
already  referred  to.  After  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  War,  such  of  the  colonists 
as  were  sympathizers  with  England  in  the  struggle  for  independence,  the  "Tories"  of 
V  that  i>eriod,  immigrated  to  Canada  where  they  obtained  the  name  of  "United  Empire 
(■>v  U.E.)  Loyalists,"  whose  descendants  to-day,  true  to  the  traditions  of  their  name 
auc*  race,  are  to  be  found  in  the  ranks  of  the  Tory  party,  and  are  among  the  strong- 
est upholders  in  Canada  of  British  connection.  Many  of  such  class  of  Americans 
came  to  this  part  of  Canada,  but  a  larger  number  emigrated  to  better  their  condi- 
tion, attracted  by  the  fertility  of  the  soil,  and  more  particularly  by  the  location,  so 
favorable  for  easy  communication  with  their  friends  across  the  border.     The  conse- 


quence was,  that  the  whole  Niagara  Frontier  was  pretty  well  settled  by  Americans, 
and  the  Niagara  Peninsula  was  looked  upon  in  the  early  days  of  the  colony  as  a  sort 
of  American  settlement. 

The  American  immigration  to  this  part  of  Canada  had  a  most  important  influ- 
ence in  the  development  of  the  country,  and  it  is  to  the  son  of  one  of  these  immigrants 
that  the  Welland  Canal  owes  its  existence,  and  the  City  of  St.  Catharines  its  pro8i»erity. 

In  the  midst  of  this  fertile  district,  and  about  ten  miles  from  the  Suspension 
Bridge,  on  the  line  of  the  Great  Western  Railway,  lies  the  City  of  St.  Catharines, 


I 


__   J.I.  .   117 _ii 1   n 1 

uu  mv   vv  eiiuiiu  v^aucii. 


Alii 1,    ,!:_.. :a:„.]    i —  i.i  «    .,„.^„  „e  .,:j..,    li.  i ii..    i_  . 

2i.itiiuu^ii    uigiiiiicu    vy   LLC    iioiuc  ui    fitv,   ii,  I'uii    iitiniiy     ue 


4  r: 

called  one.  It  is,  in  reality,  only  a  good  sized  town  of  about  ten  thousand 
inhabitants.  The  Welland  Canal,  that  great  artitirjial  water  way,  which  connects 
Lakes  Erie  and  Ontario,  runs  through  the  city  and  empties  into  the  lake  at 
Port  Dalhousie,  about   four  miles  below.      That  part  of  the  old   canal   between 


■'V^i 


1' 


hilly 
from 
form 

^  nent 
Port 
scent 
eral 

\  elers 
Ame 

Old-fi 

^  whic 
Onta 
stron 
conn 
tants 
to  en 
In  S 

'  with 
the 
gaine 

2  the-h 
Cana( 
dious 
of  th 
their 


^■*.vj4g  ■;• 


.■dS^ 


Kf'  ^''' 


St.  Catharines  and  the  Port  has  very  little  the  appearance  of  an  artificial 
stream.  It  indeed  can  scarcely  be  so  designated,  as  it  was  originally  made  by 
deepening  the  channel  of  the  Twelve  Mile  Creek,  a  smill  stream,  which,  rising  in  a 


%^ 


n  i 


thouHaiK) 

connects 

lake  at 

between 


irtificial 
lade  by 


hilly  country  on  the  plateau  above  the  town,  at  a  <listance  of  some  ten  miles  there- 
from, a'^ter  various  sinuosities,  leaps  the  escarpment  or  mountain  near  St.  Catharines, 
forming  one  of  the  most  pietures(|ue  and  romantic  waterfalls  perha}>s  on  the  conti- 

^  nent,  gradually  broadens  into  a  wide  estuary  below  the  town,  and  from  thence  to 
Port  Dalhousie,  affords  to  the  lover  of  nature  the  most  channinj,'  bit  of  inland  river 
scenery  to  he  found  perhaps  in  the  Province.  The  City  itself  is  very  ditterent  in  gen- 
eral appearance  from  the  great  majority  of  Canadian  towns.  It  is  considered  by  trav- 
^\  elers  from  the  Old  Country,  and  even  by  natives  of  other  portions  of  Canada,  the  most 
American  town  in  the  Dominion.  It  presents  a  striking  contrast  to  the  slow-goin^, 
old-fashioned,   drowsy  looking  towns  of  the  eastern  portion  of  the  Province,  with 

,  which  most  American  tourists  are  familiar,  lying  along  the  north  shore  of  Lake 
Ontario  and  the  Upper  St.  Lawrence.  Visiting  these  towns  the  American  feels 
strongly  impressed  with  the  fact  that  he  has  "crossed  the  line"  and  entered  another 
country.  They  all  have  a  decidedly  English  appearance,  and  even  the  inhabi- 
tants seem  to  possess  more  of  the  English  or  Old  Country  physi<pie  and  appear 
to  enjoy  life  and  take  the  world  more  easily  than  the  energetic,  business  American. 
In  St.  Catharines,  however,  the  latter  would  feel  (juite  at  home.  The  town, 
L  '  with  its  broad  streets  Jined  with  maples  and  elms,  its  elegant  [nivate  residences, 
the  flower  gardens  which  adorn  even  the  most  humble  dwellings,  and  have 
gained  for  the  town  the  name  of  the  "Garden  City;"  the  absence  of  that  down-at- 

2-the-heel  appearance  in  the  homes  of  the  poorer  people,  so  characteristic  oi  most 
Canadian  towns,  its  business  thoroughfares  with  their  fine  shops,  its  large  commo- 
dious hotels,  electric  light,  and  excellent  system  of  water  works,  are  all  the  outcome 
of  that  enterprise  and  go-ahead-ativeness  supposed  to  be  the  special  distinction  of 
their  cousins  across  the  border. 

St.  Catharines  owed  its  first  importance  to  the  building  of  the  Welland  Canal, 

with  which  great  work  the  name  of  one  of  her  citizens,   the  late  Hon.    William 

♦Hamilton  Merritt,  will  always  be  intimately  associated.     Mr.  Merritt  was  born  in 

Bedford,  Long  Island,  but  was  brought  to  Canada  while  yet  a  child,  by  his  father, 

who  emigrated  to  the  Niagara  Peninsula  in  1796,  and  taking  up  land  on  the  'Twelve* 

^.on  the  site  of  the  present  City  of  Catharines,  settled  there.     Young  Merritt  took  an 

f   active  part  in  the  war  of  1812,  on  the  side  of  his  adopted  country,  and  although 
then  only  a  young  man  of  eighteen,  was  assigned  an  important  command  and 

,,^  acquired  considerable  reputation  along  the  frontier  as  the  active  and  energetic  leader 
of  a  cavalry  company,  which  performed  nearly  all  the  scout  and  outpost  duty  of  the 
frontier  army  throughout  the  war.  It  was  during  his  many  patrollings  of  the  Niagara 
.River,  while  engaged  in  his  military  duties,  that  the  idea  first  struck  him  that  the 
waters  of  Lakes  Ontario  and  Erie  could  be  connected  by  means  of  a  canal,  and  that 
vessels  might  thus  pass  from  the  Upper  to  the  Lower  Lakes,  and  on  to  Mon- 

,4'J;real  and  the  seaboard.     After  the  war  he  personally  made  a  sort  of  flying  survey 


! 


6  1 

with  only  a  water  h-vcl,   to  an(vrt(iiii  tlio  ohivation  tiiitl  tix   upon  a  route.     By  tho 
most  inil<'ratijifal)lo  jmrseverence,  ami  after  i>nrountorin>;  and  ovtircouunji;  ilitticMiltiow 
that  wouM  havt!  dislieartcnod  most  mon,  ho  finally  succooded  in  (brniing  a  (!onipany 
ail  getting,'  the  stock  sul)sirib»Ml.     The  Provincial  (fOverninentH  aided  the  enterpriHO 
with  {grants,  the  work  was  proceeded  with,  and  the  first  snmll  canal  opened  in  1841. 
Since  that  time  the  canal   has  been  twice  enlarged,  or  more  strictly  speaking,  two 
new  channels  have  been  built,  and  the  Welland  Canal  is  now  one  of  the  largest  and 
most  important  works  of  the  kind  in  the  world.     The  dilHcult  engineering  eat  was  ^\ 
accomplished  of  carrying  an  artificial  waterway  up  the  face  of  the  Niagara  escarp- 
ment, and,  .standing  on  the  heights  above  St.  Catharines,  the  spectator  can  see  largo 
thiee-masted  vessels  of  between  1300  and  1500  tons  burthen  ascending  the  mountain 
side  by  succe.ssive  locks,  like  the  steps  of  an  immense  stairway,  until  they  have 
reached  the  summit,  which  forms  the  barrier  between  the  two  great  lakes.     The 
buiUling  of  the  Welland  Canal  gave  a  great  impetus  to  the  little  hamlet  of  St.  Cath-  —  ; 
arinos.     It  grew  rapidly,    A  ship  yard  and  dry  dock  gave  work  to  a  large  number  of    l 
men,  and  for  many  years  more  vessels  were  built  in  St.  Catharines  than  in  any  other    'if 
port  on  the  lake.     A  large  fleet  of  boats  owned  by  its  citizens  sailed  every  spring    |; 
from  its  port  on  the  opening  of  navigation.     The  whole  lake  traffic  passed  througb^y^  . 
the  canal,  which  runs  through  the  town  in  a  winding  course,  and  its  markets  supplied    It 
the  multitude  of  vessels  which  annually,  during  the  season,  traded  between  the  ^  I 
lower  lake  ports  and  Chicago.     The  new  canal,  finished  a  few  years  ago,  passes  ou'T    / . 
the  outskirts  of  the  City,  and  the  lake  traffic  having  considerably  fallen  off,  the  busi-    u 
nj3s  of  St.  Catharines  has  been  very  materially  affected.     The  water  power  afforded    jl 
by  the  canal  from  the  suinmit  of  the  mountain  to  St.  Catharines,  is  unsurpassed  in    j^. 
America,  and  would,  if  properly  utilized,  make  the  town  the  Lynn  of  Canada.     Aj»    v 
it  is  there  are  several  manufactories  and  mills  established,  and  there  is  plenty  of 
room  for  as  many  more.     As  these  are  all  run  by  water  power  the  city  does  not  pre- 
sent any  of  the  objectionable  features  of  a  manufacturing  town  where  steam  is  used,  |  "^^ 
necessitating  a  large  consumption  of  coal,  and,  as  a  consequence,  the  incon vonieuce    1 1 
arising  from  coal  smoke.  r    v  •    ,  .;«     ^  -  ^;:  jl 

But  the  principal  feature  of  St.  "Catharines,  and  what  has  given  it  a  reputatioiW^ 
throughout  America,  is  its  Saline  Springs,  whose  wonderful  medicinal  properties  in  the  yi^.  ' 
cure  of  rheumatic  diseases,  used  to  attract  hundreds  of  invalids  anndally  from  the 
United  States,  and  especially,  before  the  war,  from  the  Southern  States.     These  salt*  i 
springs  were  found  along  the  creeks  emptying  into  Lake  Ontario  by  the  first  settlers, 
who  called  them    "licks,"   from  the  cattle  resorting  to  them  for  the  purpose  of 
licking  the  saline  deposits.     They  seem  to  have  been  known  to  the  Indians  of  ol(^f^  . 
and  even  their  curative  properties  appreciated  by  the  tribes  that  inhabited  the  Niagara 
Peninsula.     Tradition  has  it,  that  long  before  a  pale  face  had  settled  on  the  banks 
of  the  "Twelve,"  its  salt  spring  was  the  resort  of  the  sickly  and  afflicted  redir 


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<«  enterpriHe. 
ed  in  1841.    K 
aking,  two     (l 
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ng  cat  wan  ^^ 
fara  escarp- 
an  see  largo 
lemuuntain. 

they  have 
akes.     The 
Df  St.  Cath- 
3  number  of 
in  any  other 
very  spring 
>ed  througbfjy'^  .1 
ets  supplied    ii 
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perties  in  the 
lly  from  the 

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first  settlers, 
J  purpose  of  \\ 
(lians  of  olcWf^  ^  . 
I  the  Niagara  T '' 
n  the  banks  |.| 
ited  redip"  i/nii  % 


and  that  during  the  summer  Hoaaon  tlu»  invalids  wore  wont  to  ho  carriod  long  diNtancen 
through  the  vast  wildernosses  of  Northern  New  York  an<l  the  far  west,  from  the 
shores  of  the  (Iroat  Huron,  to  bathe  in  this  Indian  Pool  of  Siloam.  A  salt 
spring  had  been  discovered  at  an  early  period  at  the  •'Fifteen,"  a  small  stream  run- 
ning  into  the  lake  about  four  miles  west  of  St.  Catharines.  Here  in  1793  Oovonor 
Simcoe  established  government  salt  works.  Salt  was  then  very  .scarce  in  the  colony 
and  was  principally  obtained  from  across  the  border.  Hy  the  establishment  of  ex- 
tensive salt  works  at  Onondaga,  in  New  York  State,  however,  the  works  at  the 
Fifteen  ceased  to  be  profitable  to  the  Government  as  a  source  of  revenue,  and  they 
were  abandoned.  During  the  war  of  1812  the  supply  from  the  U.  S.  was  entirely 
cut  off,  and,  this  nece.s.sary  article  of  daily  consumption  became  again  very  scarce. 
It  was  during  this  period,  or  at  least  shortly  after  the  close  of  the  war,  that  Mr. 
Merritt  discovered  on  his  farm  on  the  Twelve,  the  small  spring  which  afterwards 
became  well  known  as  the  "Stephenson  Baths."  The  surface  of  the  spring  was 
usually  covered  with  water,  being  below  the  level  of  the  creek,  and  only  became 
exposed  I'.uring  the  dry  season  in  July  and  August,  when  the  waters  of  the  stream 
were  very  low.  On  making  the  discovery  Mr.  Merritt  at  once  curbed  the  spiing  in 
order  to  keep  out  the  fresh  water,  and  commenced  boring  a  well  through  the  solid 
rock.  Salt  works  were  established  and  carried  on  for  many  years,  no  one  having  at 
that  time  any  idea  that  the  waters  possessed  medicinal  properties.  It  was 
noticed,  however,  that  it  contained  a  great  deal  of  iron  which  iiyuriously  affected 
the  quality  of  the  salt,  and  finally  causea  its  manufacture  to  be  abandoned.  The 
curative  properties  of  the  watera  were  first  discovered  by  an  American  doctor  named 
Chase,  from  New  York  State,  who  came  to  St.  Catharines  to  se'  !  <»nd  practice  hia 
profession.  He  bought  the  well  from  Mr.  Merritt,  and  began  concentrating  the 
water,  bottling  it,  and  pffering  it  for  sale  as  a  sort  of  patent  medicine.  He  does  not 
seem  to  have  succeeded  very  well,  and  the  business  was  soon  given  up.  The  works 
were  afterwards  destroyed  by  fire,  and  were  abandoned  for  many  years  until  thej 
were  taken  in  hand  by  Mr.  Stephenson. 

Mr.  E.  W.  Stephenson,  or  "colonel,"  as  he  was  more  familiarly  called,  was  • 
born  hotel  keeper,  and  experience  proves  that  successful  hotel  keepers,  like  poets* 
are  born  not  made.  He  too,  came  from  the  "States,"  being  a  regular  shrewd,  far- 
seeing  and  pushing  American.  He  was  first  engaged  in  running  a  line  of  stages^ 
carrying  the  mails  between  Niagara  and  Hamilton.  This  business  he  gave  ap 
and  became  proprietor  of  the  principal  hotel  in  the  village,  which  he  successfully 
ran  until  he  built  the  Stephenson  House,  where,  for  more  than  twenty  years  his 
jolly,  smiling  face,  genial  manners  and  amusing  stories,  became  well  known  to  thous- 
ands throughout  the  United  States  and  Canada.  The  Colonel  was  a  character  in 
his  way.  Whatever  he  took  in  hands  he  was  bound  to  carry  through.  A  man  of 
limited  education,  yet  there  were  few  who  possessed  a  greater  fund  of  good  sound 


L 


8 
common  sense,  which  stood  in  place  of  much  learning.  He  was  always  ready 
to  support  any  cause  that  he  believed  to  be  for  the  public  good,  no  matter  what  his 
own  private  opinions  might  be,  and  he  has  been  known  even  to  address  a  temper- 
ance meeting  in  a  most  eloquent  speech,  when  it  was  quite  evident  that  he  himself 
had  iust  come  from  paying  his  devotions  to  the  vine-crowned  god.  As  illustrating  the 
character  of  the  man,  a  good  story  is  told  of  him  in  the  early  days  of  the  town.  It 
was  before  the  period  of  the  election  of  mayors  by  the  popular  vote,  when  that  officer 


Col.  Stephenson. 


was  appointed  by 
one  of  its  member 
OB  a  candidate  for 


fkiA/i4"irkT 


w»:rv;viOn  should  bf 


the  council.     A  new  council  had  been  elected  and  the  Colonel  was 

s.     On  the  first  meeting,  so  the  story  goes,  they  could  not  agree 

mayor,  and  the  Colonel  was  elected  mayor  'pro  tern  until  a  regular 

hold.     At  a  subsequent  meetiner  thev  nroceeded  to  the  election  of  a 


«-'      AAX^AV^a 


permanent  mayor, 
that  in  his  opinion 


C-I3t43*l 


J 


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I 
I 

) 


^T^jr 


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h 


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L) 


when  the  mayor  ^o  tern  astonished  the  municipal  solons  by  stating, 
such  a  procedure  was  (piite  unnecessary,  as  they  had  a  mayor  alrt  ady 


,v*,,..^.V- 


i."> 


ays  ready  -,^ 

>r  what  his  i 

a  temper-  j 

he  himself  "^ 

jtrating  the  V 

town.     It  k 


. ;» 


that  officer 


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**T^jr 


Colonel  was       •• 
d  not  agree 
til  a  regular 

election  of  a  K.  ^ 
J  by  stating,        j' 

lyor  already  ^  •■  j 


elected.  It  w^as  explained  to  him  that  he  was  only  mayor  pro  km.  "Pro  tem,  pro 
tem,"  exclaimed  the  Colonel,  "who  the  devil's  pro  tem — all  I  know  is  I'm  elected 
mayor,  and  I'm  goin'  to  be  mayor,"  and  mayor  he  was  for  the  year.  Mr.  Stephen- 
son, with  a  prescience  which  amounted  almost  to  genius,  saw  a  great  future  for  St. 
Catharines  if  once  the  value  of  its  mineral  waters  became  thoroughly  known  to  the 
world.  He  had  an  analysis  of  them  made  by  a  distinguished  chemist,  the  late  Prof. 
Croft,  of  Toronto  University,  who  in  his  report  says  :  "It  (his  analysis)  establishes 
a  similarity  approaching  to  the  identity  of  composition  with  some  of  the  most  im- 
portant and  fashionable  German  Spas,  those  of  Kreunrch,  the  muriated  Saline 
waters  of  Weisbadfn  and  Kissengen,  and  the  waters  of  Salin,  and  the  Jura  of 
France."  Mr.  Stephenson  bought  the  well  and  the  adjoining  property — a  most 
favorable  location,  commanding  a  line  view  of  the  surrounding  country,  and  com- 
menced the  erection  of  a  large  and  commodious  hotel  and  a  o^'  cious  bath  house. 
Machinery  was  procured  to  pump  the  water  from  the  well  to  the  hotel  on  the  hill 
above,  and  in  the  year  1852  the  establishment  was  first  opened  to  the  public.  It 
proved  an  immense  success.  At  once  the  reputation  of  the  waters  became  estab- 
lished, from  the  wonderful  cures  effected  by  the  baths  in  cases  of  rheumatism,  gout 
and  kindred  diseases,  and  St.  Catharines  took  its  place,  after  the  first  season,  among 
the  summer  resorts  of  America.  Its  selection  was  greatly  in  its  favor.  By  rail  it  is 
only  about  tvrenty  minutes  ride  from  the  Falls  of  Niagara,  and  by  carriage  but  a 
couple  of  hours  drive  through  a  most  delightful  country.  Thus  visitors  to  St.  Cath- 
arines may  be  said  to  have  all  the  advantages  of  the  Niagara  Falls  scenery  without 
paying  the  extravagant  prices  charged  at  the  Niagara  Hotels.  In  a  couple  of  years 
after  the  first  opening  it  was  found  necessary  to  enlarge  the  Stephenson  House  by 
an  addition  much  more  entensive  than  the  original  building.  One  hotel  soon  failed 
to  accommodate  the  tide  of  travel,  and  another  large  hotel,  the  "Welland,"  was 
built  shortly  after.  St.  Catharines  soon  began  to  assume  the  appearance  of  a  fash- 
ionable watering  place.  Before  the  American  war  broke  out  the  baths  were  patron- 
ized principally  by  southerners,  and  in  the  height  of  the  season  a  stranger  would  im- 
agine himself  in  a  southern  town.  The  streets  full  of  ladies  and  gentlemen  from  the ,  g 
"sunny  South,"  the  ])lanter  wearing  his  wide  sombrero,  the  city  man  his  inevitable 
slouched  hat,  the  ladies  usually  attended  by  their  negro  servants,  gave  the  whole 
place  a  decidedly  Southern  air.  From  the  beginning  of  the  civil  war  St.  Catharines 
became  the  resort  of  Confederate  vefugees,  and  also  of  great  numbers  of  Northerners, 
who  fled  to  Canada  to  avoid  the  draft.  .  . 

There  are  at  the  present  time  three  mineral  wells  sunk  in  the  town,  two  besides 
the  original  Stephenson  House  Spring,  one  connected  with  the  "Welland  House" 
before  referred  to,  and  the  other  with  "Springbank,"  a  sanitarium  established  by 
the  late  Dr.  Theophilus  Mack,  whose  reputation  as  a  specialist  in  the  cure  of  diseases 
of  women  was  well  established  throughout  Canada  and  the  United  States.     The  baths 


V 


10 
arc  generally  taken  hot,  or  at  a  very  high  degree  of  temperature,  a'  ^  usually  under  the 
advice  and  direetions  of  a  physician.  They  rarely  fail  to  give  :  fin  cases  of  rheu- 
niatLsm,  at  least  while  they  are  continued.  The  water  is  so  strongly  saline,  that  the 
bather  feels  as  if  he  could  easily  Hoat  in  it.  It  is  not  an  uncommon  circumstance  to 
8w  invalids  who  when  they  first  arrived  at  the  baths,  were  unable  to  leave  their  car- 
riage without  assistance,  in  a  few  weeks  after,  walking  through  tbe  pleasant  streets 
of  the  town  in  full  possession  of  all  their  physical  faculties. 

The  scenery  of  this  part  of  the  Niagara  Peninsula  is  the  admiration  of  all 
tourists,  and  from  St.  Catharines  as  a  centre  the  lover  of  the  beautiful  in  nature  has 
many  points  of  interest  from  which  to  choose.  The  drive  from  the  city  to  Niagara 
Falls,  by  way  of  Queenston  Heights,  runs  through  the  loveliest  and  most  picturesque 
tract  of  country  to  be  found  in  the  region  of  the  lower  lakes.  The  land  is  undulat- 
ing, and  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation.  The  farm  houses  along  the  route  exhibit 
evidences  of  comfort,  and,  in  many  cases,  of  wealth.  The  roadside  is  bordered 
with  orchards,  principally  of  apples  and  peaches,  Avhile  the  grape  vine  is  everywhere 
plentiful.  It  is  essentially  a  fruit  growing  country,  and  from  this  neighborhood, — 
fr.)m  Queenston  to  Grimsby  already  mentioned, — are  exported  nearly  all  the  peaches, 
apples  and  grapes  which  reach  the  Toronto  and  Montreal  markets.  From  the  sum- 
mit of  Queenston  Heights,  is  spread  out  at  the  beholder's  feet,  a  view  which  the  Duke 
of  Argyle  declared  to  be  the  finest  in  America,  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  From 
the  top  of  the  monument  erected  to  the  memory  of  the  British  General  Brock,  who 
fell  at  the  battle  of  Queenston  Heights,  the  eye  can  take  in  at  one  glance  the  whole 
southern  portion  of  the  Niagara  Peninsula,  from  the  mouth  of  the  Niagara  River  to 
the  head  of  Lake  Ontaiio.  On  the  right  is  the  River,  whose  whole  course  can  be 
distinctly  traced  to  its  mouth  at  the  pld  town  of  Niagara,  From  the  river  to  the 
foot  of  the  mountain  on  the  left,  stretches  a  vast  level  plain,  dotted  with  clumps  of 
timber,  with  here  and  there  a  village  nestling  amidst  a  bower  of  trees,  regularly  laid 
out  farms  and  tidy  farm  houses  surrounded  with  orchards.  In  the  distance  may  be 
seen  the  roofs  and  spires  of  St.  Catharines  rising  above  a  mass  of  foliage.  At  our 
.oet  is  the  historic  village  of  Queenston  ;  across  the  river  is  the  village  of  Lewiston 
in  New  York  State,  while  filling  up  the  back  ground  of  this  magnificent  picture  are 
the  deep  blue  waters  of  the  Ontario  bounding  the  distant  horizon.  It  is  a  scene 
very  little  known  to  the  thousands  who  annually  visit  the  Niagara  Falls,  and  yet  it 
is  one  that  would  repay  miles  of  travel  to  gaze  on.  The  ground  hereabouts  has 
many  historic  associations  connected  with  it.  It  was  here  that  the  battle  of  Queen- 
ston Heights  was  fought  during  the  war  of  1812. 

St.  Catharines,  from  its  admirable  location,  offers  many  advantages  as  a  sum- 
mer resort  for  families  of  moderate  means.  Practically,  the  Niagara  Falls  are  at  its  very 
door.  Twenty  minutes  by  rail  brings  you  to  the  Suspension  Bridge.  During  the 
season  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  issues  return  tickets  from  St.  Catharines  to  the 


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Arnorican  side  of  the  Bridge  for  a  trifling  sum.  From  ther4»  the  street  cars  run 
to  the  Niagara  Falls  Park,  opened  last  year  by  the  authorites  of  New  York 
State.  The  Park  is  free  to  all,  so  that  the  visitor  to  St.  Catharines  i-an  spend 
the  whole  day  at  this  famous  resort  and  return  in  the  evening  at  a  merely  nominal 


DeCevv^  Falls. 

expense.  The  Ontario  Government  is  at  present  engaged  in  purchasing  all  the 
private  property  on  the  Canadian  side  of  the  Falls  for  the  the  purpose  of  laying 
out  a  park,  which,  when  completed,  will  afford  a  much  finer  view  of  this  greatest  of 
nature's  wonders  than  can  be  obtained  from  the  American  side.     The  visitor  to  St. 


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Catharines  has  therefore    all  the    advantages   of  the  Niagara  Falls   without  the 
enormous  expenses  incident  to  any  prolonged  residence  at  that  very  fashionable  but 
most  expensive  summer  resort. 

St.  Catharines  is  only  about  thirty  miles  from  Butialo,  N.Y.,  easily  reached  by 
train  in  a  couple  of  hours.  Toronto  is  just  across  the  lake,  to  which  city,  a  boat 
from  St.  Catharines  runs  daily  and  returns.  A  boat  also  leaves  once  a  week  for  Mon- 
treal. The  round  trip  from  St.  Catharines  to  Montreal  and  return  is  $14.  The  route 
takes  in  the  Thousand  Islands,  the  Upper  St.  Lawrence,  and  gives  the  passengers  a 
couple  of  days  in  Montreal.  It  is  only  a  few  minutes  walk  from  any  of  the  hotels 
to  the  steamboat  wharf.  The  passenger  secures  his  state-room  and  makes  the 
boat  his  home  until  it  returns  again  to  the  wharf  at  St.  Catharines.  It  is  one  of 
the  most  pleasant  and  interesting  trips  that  can  be  made,  and  one  can  hardly  be 
said  to  know  what  American  river  scenery  on  a  grand  scale  really  is,  until  one  has 
gone  down  the  St.  Lawrence. 

We  have  spoken  of  the  many  interesting  places  in  and  around  St.  Catharines 
worthy  of  a  visit  from  the  tourist.  We  present  a  picture  of  De  Vew  Falls,  to  which 
we  have  already  referred.  It  is  ouly  three  miles  from  tlie  city,  through  a  very  de- 
lightful portion  of  the  County.  Many  visitors  to  St.  Catharines  declare  that  they 
have  rarely  seen  a  more  picturesque  view  than  these  Falls  and  the  deep  Glen  in  which 
they  are  situated. 

Another  very  enjoyable  piece  of  scenery  is  Glen  Elgin,  ouly  a  few  miles  from  the 
city,  a  favorite  resort  for  visitors,  especially  for  pic.-nic  i)urposes.  It  also  can  be 
reached  after  a  short  drive  and  will  repay  a  visit. 

On  page  4  is  a  view  of  Port  Dalhousic;,  of  which  we  have  already  spoken,  being 
the  Lake  Ontario  entrance  to  the  Welland  Canal.  A  steamer  leaves  here  every 
morning  during  the  season  for  Toronto ;  an<l  the  Welland  Railway  connects  the  Port 
witli  St.  Catharines,  four  miles  below.  A  drive  from  St.  Catharines  to  Port  Dal- 
housie  will  give  one  a  good  idea  of  the  Welland  Canal  and  its  operation,  a  very  in- 
teresting sight  to  those  who  have  never  seen  the  operation  of  a  large  canal  and  the 
manner  in  which  vessels  are  locked  through. 

During  the  summer  there  is  good  fishing  both  at  the  Port  as  well  as  the  town 
of  Niagara,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river.     The  latter  place  is  famous  for  its  white  tish 
which  are  caught  in  large  (piantities. 


14 


Xedicinal  Properties  of  the  St.  Catharines  Mineral  Waters. 


Were  it  not  through  feai-  that  this  pamphlet  might  be  taken  by  the  reading  public 
for  an  ordinary  (luack  advertising  medium,  we  might  quote  any  number  of  certifi- 
cates and  testimonials  from  prominent  men  all  over  the  United  States  and  Canada — 
Ministers,  Doctors,  Lawyers,  Journalists — men  of  all  professions,  who  luive  received 
benefit  from  the  use  of  the  St.  Catharines  Mineral  Waters.  We  do  not  claim  that 
these  waters  are  a  Panacea,  but  we  do  insist  that  in  the  cure  of  certain  diseases, 
especially  of  Rheurryitistn,  Gout,  Lumbago,  Sciatica,  Neuralgia  and  Scrqfiilous 
Affections,  they  have  never  been  known  to  fail.  The  proprietors  of  the  various  hotels 
are  in  possession  of  letters  and  testimonials,  without  number,  from  parties — ladies 
and  gentlemen — who,  unsolicited,  have  testified  to  the  cures  effected  by  the  St. 
Catharines  Baths. 

It  is  only  necessary  to  present  the  analysis  of  these  waters  to  any  intelligent 
physician  to  convince  him  that,  used  as  a  hot  bath,  they  must  be  powerful  curatives 
for  the  diseases  already  mentioned,  and  for  many  more,  especially  in  disea.ses  peculiar 
to  women.  The  following  is  the  analysis  in  full,  made  by  Prof.  Croft,  of  the  Toronto 
University,  already  referred  to  : 

Sulphate  of  Lime 2.1!)2:j  " 

^                      ■               Cliloiide  of  Caloiuiii 14.8544  " 

':                                    Chloride  of  Ma{.inesiuiii 2.3977  " 

Iodide  of  Magnesium 0.0042  " 

Bromide  of  Magnesiuiu 62  " 

Chloride  of  Potasimn 0.3555 

Chloride  of  Sodium 29.8034 

Chloride  of  Ammonium {  ,,0  ,, 

Silic  Acid    i  '^ 

In  oneipint  of  natural  water 50.6215 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  above  analysis  that  these  waters  contain,  in  much  larger 
proportions  than  any  of  the  celebrated  European  waters.  Chloride  of  Sodium,  Cal- 
cium and  Magnesium. 

The  wells  from  which  the  St.  Catharines  waters  are  procured  are  Artesian 
Wells,  sunk  to  the  depth  of  over  s%x  hundred  feet,  into  corniferous  limestone.  The 
St.  Catharines  Mineral  Waters  have  not  only  an  American  reputation,  but  they  have 
been  recommended  by  eminent  physicians  of  London  and  Paris,  as  the  best  spjecimen 
of  Ido-Bromated  Saline  Waters  known  to  the  medical  profession. 

It  may  be  said  in  conclusion,  tha^  St.  Catharines  possesses  many  other  first-class 
hotels  and  numerous  private  boarding  houses.  It  has  hotel  accommodation  for  at 
least  1000  people,  besides  boardii'g  houses.  Private  board  may  be  obtained  on 
extremely  reasonable  terms,  and  llie  proprietors  of  the  Springs  are  always  willing 
to  acconiujodatc  those  v.lio  desire  to  use  the  baths  v.'liether  they  are  guests  at  the 
hotels  or  private  boarders. 


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ST.  CATHARINES,  ONT. 

Celebrated  Saline  Mineral  Baths ;  the  original  mineral  water  of  St.  Catharines. 
Eleven  miles  from  Niagara  Falls  on  line  of  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  Great  Western 
Division.  The  only  hotel  in  the  city  a  strictly  summer  resort.  First  class  in  its 
appointments.  Electric  lights  and  all  modern  improvements.  Entirely  refitted, 
re-painted,  re-papered,  new  furniture,  new  carpets  and  decorated  throughout. 


16 


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SPRINGBAXK  HOTEL  AND  SANITARIUM, 

This  is  one  of  the  best  eciuipped  Sanitariums  on  the  American  continent.  Fam- 
ous for  the  curative  efficacy  of  its  Mineral  Water  Baths.  Open  to  tourists  and 
invalids  all  the  year  round.     W.  R.  Crumb,  M.  D. ,  Manager  and  Ttedical  Director., 


tit.  Fam- 
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